validation papers

There are now a number of technical papers, independent evaluations and research studies which relate to VENTOS® and they can be downloaded by clicking on the links below.

Flow model

  1. Castro, F.A., Palma, J.M.L.M., Silva Lopes, A., 2003. Simulation of the Askervein flow. Part 1: Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations (k- ɛ turbulence model). Boundary-Layer Meteorol. 107, 501-530.  (pdf)

Validates the VENTOS® code and methodology by comparing computations to measurements and previous studies performed on the thoroughly studied Askervein hill.

  1. Palma, J.M.L.M., Castro, F.A., Ribeiro, L.F., Rodrigues, A.H., Pinto, A.P., 2008. Linear and nonlinear models in wind resource assessment and wind turbine micro-siting in complex terrain. J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 96, 2308-2326 (pdf)

Shows that conventional non-linear models can prove insufficient in characterizing the flow over complex topographies, but that the use of VENTOS® enables a thorough understanding of the fluid flow over the same topographies.

  1. Abiven C., Palma J.M.L.M., Brady O., 2009. Time dependent CFD analyses of wind quality in complex terrain. Proceedings of the European Wind Energy Conference. EWEC 2009 Marseille, France. (pdf)

Shows ability of VENTOS® to reproduce time-dependant phenomena in complex terrain and to characterize complex flow behaviour.

Canopy model

  1. Brady, O., Gammidge, A., Palma J.M.L.M. Accounting for tree growth in resource assessment: a case study using the VENTOS® code on Kyle wind farm. (pdf)

Shows ability of VENTOS® to predict wind resource in forested terrain. Highlights importance of collecting accurate forestry data. Demonstrates the importance of running future forestry scenarios for representative results over a wind park lifetime.

  1. Lopes da Costa, J.C., Castro, F.A., Palma, J.M.L.M., Stuart, P., 2006. Computer simulation of atmospheric flows over real forests for wind energy resource evaluation. J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 94, 603-620 (pdf)

Shows the need and superiority of a canopy model over a simple roughness model.

  1. Douglas N., Hawker G., Abiven C., 2008. Impact of forestry felling on wind farm yield and operation.pdf (pdf)

This poster illustrates the advanced capabilities of the natural powertools suite, combining detailed forensic SCADA data analysis (Melogale™), high-density mobile data collection (ZephIR® laser anemometer) and proven CFD flow modelling (VENTOS®).